abstract: This essay examines the categorical structure of middle powers through the lens of realism. It highlights the problem of measuring size of power and suggests realist solutions. The essay also notes the inner upheavals of realism, particularly the regulatory requirements without which medium forces cannot operate. The debate takes an evolutionary path. Therefore, it sometimes follows a narrative approach. It emphasizes the mile stones of Westphalian adjustments and highlights the importance of legal formulations. Finally, it criticizes potential candidates and argues the trends in current debates.

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