and cooperation. But as Astrid Böger shows in Envisioning the Nation, at the same time the fairs played important roles in the growth of nationalism and American exceptionalism, subtly recasting world history from an American point of view and thus laying the groundwork for American dominance in the twentieth century. Drawing on studies of the fairs’ architecture, sites, and scientific and cultural displays, as well as contemporaneous literary works that dealt with the fairs, Böger paints a richly contextualized portrait of these influential spectacles of national culture.

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