Middle East were second-class citizens, and were persecuted after the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The Jews of Lebanon were just one of Lebanon's 23 minorities with the same rights and privileges, and were subject to the same political tensions. Author Kirsten E. Schulze discusses: the Jewish presence in Lebanon under Ottoman Rule . Lebanese Jews under the French mandate . Lebanese Jewish identity after the establishment of the State of Israel . the increase of the community through Syrian refugees . the Jews' position in the first civil war . their involvement in the exfiltration of Syrian Jews . the beginning of their exodus after the 1967 war . the virtual extinction of the Jewish community as a result of the prolonged 1975 second civil war . the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon . the community's memory of their Lebanese past.

Hide more