antiquated concepts of mestizaje, recent scholarship has shown that [email protected]/[email protected] culture is a mixture of indigenous, African, and Spanish and other European peoples and cultures. No one reflects this rich blend of cultures better than Chi[email protected] rappers, whose lyrics and iconography can help to deepen our understanding of what it means to be [email protected] or [email protected] today. While some identify as Mexican mestizos, others identify as indigenous people or base their identities on their class and racial/ethnic makeup. No less significant is the intimate level of contact between [email protected] and black Americans. Via a firm theoretical foundation, Pancho McFarland explores the language and ethos of [email protected]/[email protected] hip hop and sheds new light on three distinct identities reflected in the music: indigenous/Mexica, Mexican nationalist/immigrant, and street hopper. With particular attention to the intersection of black and Chicano cultures, the author places exciting recent developments in music forms within the context of progressive social change, social justice, identity, and a new transnational, polycultural America.

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