laws of light and shade, including those of reflection; to verify, by means of geometric reasoning, the problems of linear perspective; and to determine, in a scientific manner, the position of points upon the perspective plane. It might, therefore, be called Geometric Drawing; but, since that term is sometimes applied to Industrial Drawing, we have rejected it: and, in order to distinguish it from the previous Elementary Course, which was based on actual observation rather than on scientific deduction, we have called it. Advanced Course of Perspective and Shading. In devising the whole plan of this series, and in carrying out its special details, the author has kept steadily in view certain fundamental principles, both of Education and Art, which have been thoroughly tested during a long experience in the school-room. These principles have been partially stated in the former Manuals of the series; but their systematic and formal expression has been reserved for this Manual.

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