in 1843. Unpublished during his lifetime, it is a manuscript in which Marx comments on fellow philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's 1820 book Elements of the Philosophy of Right paragraph by paragraph. One of Marx's major criticisms of Hegel in the document is the fact that many of his dialectical arguments begin in abstraction. This work contains the formulations of Marx's particular alienation theory, which was informed by Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach's work. Narrative of the work develops around analysis of the relations between civil society and political society.

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