viral origin. The procedure outlines comprise the use of embryonated chicken eggs, laboratory birds and tissue culture techniques to grow poultry viruses, their identification, and detection of antibodies by various serological techniques, in addition, information on viruses, avian immune system, postmortem examination, sample collection, isolation units, production and handling of specific pathogen free chickens has been interwoven. The authors are indebted and thankful to (Late) Professor Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry, Principal, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore (NOW UVAS, Lahore) for his valuable suggestions, kind counsel and continued support in the production of this manual. It is hoped that this manual will add into the professional knowledge of students of veterinary medicine both at undergraduate and post-graduate levels, poultry pathologists, virologists and diagnosticians. The authors will appreciate comments for the improvement and better presentation of information in the next edition. Khalid Muneer Chaudhry Mohammad Akram Muneer H.R. Chaudhry Mamooma Chaudhry

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