which a person reasons about issues in a sophisticated and integrative manner. An antithesis is a statement or argument made in direct contrast of another. The integrative complexity of an argument may make its antithesis difficult; regardless, an argument of direct contrast to another does exist. When forming an antithesis of integrative complexity it is not only important to consider one’s own value and belief system but also those of an integrative and complex whole. Should one find integrative complexity within his or her value system he or she will then attain the utilitarian ideal.

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