read literature and transformed abstract philosophy and literary form into physical substance. Furness, Sullivan, and Wright were inspired by such Transcendentalists as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whitman, and attempted to embody the concepts of nature, American identity, and Universalism in their architecture. Notably, this book is the first attempt to concentrate on analyzing these architects' works from the perspective of Transcendentalism. This is also the first time that reproductions of Wright's copy of Leaves of Grass and several tape records of Wright's Sunday morning talks, both held in the Frank Lloyd Wright Archive, have been published. Importantly, these Transcendentalist architects' philosophy has been influential in the development of contemporary environmental architects all over the world, including Paolo Soleri (an Italian-American) and Glenn Murcutt (an Australian), both of whom are discussed in the final chapter of this book.

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