practice. Side by side growing support for abortion and euthanasia, both forbidden in the Hippocratic Oath, we see a shift toward the "relief of suffering" as the goal of medicine - a weasel concept that has been broadened to include the "suffering" of relatives, physicians, and society at large. The evils of medicine and science under the Nazis illustrated how rapidly the humane medical tradition could be subverted and medical skills put to terrible purposes. As we seek in the 21st century to rebuild the professional character of medicine, and to develop a policy framework for bioscience and related technologies, there has never been wiser counsel than that of Hippocrates. And that this pagan physician should have been endorsed by Christians, Jews, and Muslims, and perhaps most notably in the 20th century by Margaret Mead, doyenne of anthropologists and one of the century's most influential liberal figures, suggests that his vision for medicine is as relevant to tomorrow as it was in the distant days of late antique Greece.

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