substantive implications of a justice system that emphasizes treatment rather than punishment Tensions between discretion and rules that occur when states treat children rather than punish adultsIt incorporates empirical evaluations and developmental psychological research on adolescent competence and presents criminological studies of controversial issues, such as gender and racial disparities in juvenile justice administration. It also examines pretrial detention and alternative sentencing options available to juvenile courts and discusses how and when states try youths in criminal court. New to this edition are: The Supreme Court's most recent decisions on the jurisprudence of youth Eighth Amendment decisions that recognized that children are different and limit judges' authority to impose life wit

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