cosmopolitan frontier and NATO ally - has puzzled Western observers. As the appeal of the Islamist Refah (Welfare) Party spread through Turkish society, including the middle class, in the 1990s, the party won numerous local elections and became one of the largest parties represented in parliament, even holding the prime ministership between 1996 and 1998. Welfare was formally banned and closed in 1998, as was its successor Fazilet (Virtue), in 2001, for allegedly posing a threat to the state, but the Islamist movement continues to grow in popularity. Jenny White has produced an ethnography of contemporary Istanbul that charts the success of Islamist mobilization through the eyes of ordinary people. Drawing on neighbourhood interviews gathered over 20 years' fieldwork, she focuses intently on the genesis and continuing appeal of Islamic politics in the fabric of Turkish society and among mobilizing and mobilized elites, women and educated populations. White shows how everyday concerns and interpersonal relations, rather than Islamic dogma, helped Welfare gain access to community networks, building on continuing face-to-face relationships by way of interactions with constituents through trusted neighbours. To illuminate the local culture of Istanbul, White has interviewed residents, activists, party officials, and municipal administrators and participated in their activities. She draws on rich experiences and research made possible by years of first-hand observation in the streets and homes of Umraniye, a large neighbourhood that grew in tandem with Turkey's modernization in the late 20th century.

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