ecological model as a more comprehensive explanation of health outcomes; both of which are unique approaches in a health psychology text.     The ecological model explores the impact of five systems on individual health outcomes: the individual (including physiology), the family/community, physical and social environments, healthcare systems and health policy.  Unlike the biopsychological model  which represents a combination of three fields—biology, psychology and sociology -  the ecological model  includes research and findings from medical anthropology, economics, ethnopharmacology, environmental studies, medicine and public health, in addition to biology, psychology and sociology. Thus, it offers a truly interdisciplinary approach to the study of health.  Finally, the text uniquely examines infectious diseases and chronic illnesses from a local, regional and global perspective. The diverse perspectives illustrate the roles of each of the five systems on health.

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